🏥 Stations

🧠 Qbank

🫀 Conditions

📖 Book

😃 More

💳 Pricing

🔒 Dashboard

📖 OSCE Learning

🔒 OSCE Stations

🔒 Qbank

🔐 Membership
Share your insights

Help us by sharing what content you've recieved in your exams


Cardiac condition signs

Clinical examination > Cardiorespiratory

Valve replacement

  • See viva notes on valve replacements
  • Midline sternotomy
  • Abnormal S1 = mitral
  • Abnormal S2 = aortic

Heart failure

  • Tachypnoea/tachycardia
  • Cool peripheries
  • Raised JVP
  • Displaced apex
  • S3 (ventricular gallop)
  • Bi-basal fine crepitations
  • Peripheral oedema

Atrial septal defect

  • Soft ejection systolic flow murmur (pulmonary area)
  • Fixed, widely split S2
  • RV heave

Ventricular septal defect

  • Pansystolic murmur (loudest at left lower sternal edge)
  • Thrill (left lower sternal edge)
  • RV heave/loud P2

Cor pulmonale

  • Plethoric facial appearance
  • Central cyanosis
  • Raised JVP (large ‘a’ waves)
  • Giant V waves + pansystolic murmur (if secondary TR)
  • Right ventricular heave
  • Palpable/loud S2
  • Pedal oedema

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

  • Pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator
  • Jerky pulse/pulsus bisferiens
  • Double apex beat
  • Ejection systolic murmur (left lower sternal edge)
  • S4

Now try some Viva questions

What is Eisenmenger syndrome?

Oops! This section is restricted to members. Click here to signup!

What are the different types of valves that can be used for a valve replacement?

Oops! This section is restricted to members. Click here to signup!

How would you differentiate between left and right sided heart failure based on clinical findings?

Oops! This section is restricted to members. Click here to signup!

Which conditions would cause a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur?

Oops! This section is restricted to members. Click here to signup!

What are the different types of cardiomyopathies?

Oops! This section is restricted to members. Click here to signup!

What is the tetrad of abnormalities of Tetralogy of Fallot?

Oops! This section is restricted to members. Click here to signup!

Some examination OSCE stations

  1. Mitral regurgitation
  2. Valve replacement
  3. Atrial fibrillation
  4. Aortic stenosis
  5. Lots more here!

Picture references

Peripheral cyanosis: 2011 James Heilman, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en). Sourced from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cynosis.JPG

Clubbing: 2009 Desherinka, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), 3.0 Unported (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), 2.5 Generic (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/deed.en), 2.0 Generic (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en) and 1.0 Generic license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/deed.en) and GNU Free Documentation licence 1.2 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:GNU_Free_Documentation_License,_version_1.2). Sourced from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_clubbing#/media/File:Dedos_con_acropaquia.jpg

Splinter haemorrhages: 2010 Splarka, in public domain. Sourced from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Splinter_hemorrhage.jpg

Osler’s nodes: 2010 Robert J Galindo, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), 3.0 Unported (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), 2.5 Generic (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/deed.en), 2.0 Generic (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en) and 1.0 Generic license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/deed.en) and GNU Free Documentation licence 1.2 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:GNU_Free_Documentation_License,_version_1.2). Sourced from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Osler_Nodules_Hand.jpg

Janeway lesions: 2015 Warfieldian; licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en). Sourced from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Janeway_lesion.JPG

No comments yet 😉

Leave a Reply

Cardiorespiratory