Table of Contents
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Performing urine tests is covered here!
Odour
- Sweet: DKA/glycosuria
- Pungent: infection
- Ammonia-type smell: alkaline urine
Appearance/turbidity
- Discolouration
- Red: haematuria/haemoglobinuria/myoglobinuria, porphyria, beetroot, drugs (rifampicin)
- Brown: bile pigments, myoglobin, methaemoglobin, drugs (levodopa, metronidazole, antimalarials, nitrofurantoin)
- Green/blue: Pseudomonas UTI, biliverdin, drugs (amitriptyline, methylene blue, propofol)
- Orange: bile pigments, drugs (phenothiazines)
- Cloudiness: pus, pyuria, alkaline urine phosphate crystals
- Sedimentation
Urine dipstick analysis
Test yourself!
In which age groups are urine dipsticks not useful in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection?
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A urine dipstick is undertaken in a patient with a severe acute kidney injury. 3+ protein is detected and nephrotic syndrome is suspected. Which further test can be used to quantify the proteinuria? What this the result threshold for nephrotic syndrome?
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Which is the most common organism to cause a UTI?
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