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Parkinson’s disease focussed examination covered here!
Parkinson’s disease is caused by degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (part of the basal ganglia). This results in rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia and postural instability.
Rigidity | Lead pipe rigidity, cogwheel rigidity, festinant gait |
Tremor | Resting, pill-rolling |
Bradykinesia | Slow shuffling gait, flexed trunk, slow monotonous speech, expressionless face, reduced blink rate, micrographia |
Postural instability | Falls |
Parkinson’s disease is a clinical diagnosis – however, investigations may be required if the diagnosis is unclear:
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Low potency:
Moderate potency:
High potency:
Adjuncts to levodopa:
Reference: NICE ‘NG71 Parkinson’s disease in adults’ 2017
What is the classic speed of the pill-rolling tremor in Parkinson’s disease?
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Which medications can cause parkinsonism?
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What are the clinical features of Wilson’s disease?
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