Abnormal dilation of distal airways, associated with chronic cough and excessive sputum production.
Genetic | CF, Youngβs syndrome, Kartagenerβs syndrome, yellow nail syndrome, Ξ±1-antitrypsin deficiency |
Mechanical | Malignancy, foreign body |
Childhood infection | Pertussis, measles, TB, pneumonia |
Immunological | Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, hypogammaglobulinaemia, HIV, leukaemia, autoimmune |
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Picture references
Clubbing: 2009 Desherinka, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), 3.0 Unported (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), 2.5 Generic (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/deed.en), 2.0 Generic (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en) and 1.0 Generic license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/deed.en) and GNU Free Documentation licence 1.2 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:GNU_Free_Documentation_License,_version_1.2). Sourced from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_clubbing#/media/File:Dedos_con_acropaquia.jpg
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