Haemorrhoids

Answer Explanation:

• The correct answer is Injection. This is a common treatment for haemorrhoids, also known as piles. It involves injecting a substance into the haemorrhoid to make it shrink.
• Rectal transplant is not a treatment option for haemorrhoids. This is a complex and rarely performed procedure that is reserved for severe cases of rectal disease.
• Colostomy is a surgical procedure that brings one end of the large intestine out through the abdominal wall, allowing waste to exit the body. This is not a typical treatment for haemorrhoids.
• Ileo-rectal anastomosis is a surgical procedure that connects the small intestine to the rectum. This is not a treatment for haemorrhoids.
• Atenolol is a beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease. It is not used in the treatment of haemorrhoids.

Overview of Haemorrhoids:

• Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you poop.
• They can be internal or external. Internal haemorrhoids are inside the rectum and may not be visible. External haemorrhoids are under the skin around the anus and are visible.
• Common symptoms include bleeding during bowel movements, itching or irritation in your anal region, pain or discomfort, swelling around your anus, and a lump near your anus, which may be sensitive or painful.
• Factors that may increase your risk of developing haemorrhoids include straining during bowel movements, sitting for long periods of time on the toilet, chronic diarrhoea or constipation, obesity, and pregnancy.
• Treatment options include over-the-counter creams and ointments, eating high-fibre foods, drinking plenty of fluids, taking over-the-counter pain relievers, and in more severe cases, medical procedures such as injection, rubber band ligation, or surgery.

Answer Explanation:

• Third-degree haemorrhoids are indeed the type that prolapse outside the anus and can be manually replaced by the patient. This is a characteristic feature of this stage of haemorrhoids, which differentiates it from the first and second degrees.
• First-degree haemorrhoids do not bleed but are instead characterized by an enlargement of the internal haemorrhoidal venous plexus.
• Second-degree haemorrhoids do bleed and may prolapse but retract spontaneously without the need for manual intervention.
• Haemorrhoids can be painful, especially when complicated by thrombosis or necrosis. However, this is not always the case, and many patients with haemorrhoids experience no pain.
• Haemorrhoids do not spontaneously resolve during pregnancy. In fact, pregnancy can often exacerbate the condition due to increased intra-abdominal pressure.

Overview of Haemorrhoids:

• Definition: Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum. When the walls of these vessels are stretched, they become irritated.
• Classification: Haemorrhoids are classified into four degrees. The first degree does not prolapse or bleed. The second degree prolapses during defecation but retracts spontaneously. The third degree prolapses during defecation and must be manually reduced. The fourth degree is irreducible and may strangulate.
• Symptoms: Common symptoms include painless bleeding during bowel movements, irritation or itching in the anal region, pain or discomfort, swelling around the anus, and a lump near the anus, which may be sensitive or painful.
• Causes: They are caused by increased pressure in the lower rectum due to obesity, pregnancy, sitting for a long time on the toilet, chronic diarrhoea or constipation, anal intercourse, and low-fiber diet.
• Treatment: Treatment options vary from lifestyle changes, such as eating a high-fiber diet and not straining during bowel movements, to medical procedures such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, coagulation, haemorrhoidectomy, and haemorrhoid stapling.