GORD (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease), is a common gastrointestinal disorder in children characterized by the reflux of stomach contents into the oesophagus. GORD occurs when the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach, relaxes inappropriately or weakens, allowing stomach acid and sometimes partially digested food to flow back into the oesophagus. In infants and children, GORD can present differently compared to adults, and medical students should be aware of these nuances.
Here are key points regarding GORD in children for medical students:
- Prevalence: GORD is relatively common in infants and children, with prevalence varying by age. It is particularly common in infants, with up to 50% experiencing some degree of reflux in the first few months of life. Most children outgrow GORD by their first birthday.
- Symptoms: Symptoms of GORD in children can vary and may include:
- Frequent regurgitation or vomiting, often after feeding
- Irritability or fussiness, especially during or after feeding
- Poor weight gain or failure to thrive
- Arching of the back or neck during or after feeding
- Recurrent coughing or wheezing
- Heartburn or chest discomfort (less common in children