Cirrhosis

Answer Explanation:

• Cystic fibrosis is the correct answer because it is a genetic disorder that can cause liver cirrhosis. The disease causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body, including the liver. This can lead to scarring (cirrhosis) and other liver problems.
• Cushing’s syndrome, Psoriasis, Phenylketonuria, and Hypothyroidism are not typically associated with liver cirrhosis.

Overview of Liver Cirrhosis:

• Liver cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.
• The liver carries out several necessary functions, including detoxifying harmful substances in your body, cleaning your blood and making vital nutrients.
• Cirrhosis can lead to a number of complications, including liver cancer. In the early stages of cirrhosis, you might have no symptoms. As cirrhosis progresses, symptoms can develop that indicate your liver is severely damaged.

Overview of Cystic Fibrosis:

• Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine.
• Long-term issues include difficulty breathing and coughing up mucus as a result of frequent lung infections. Other signs and symptoms may include sinus infections, poor growth, fatty stool, clubbing of the fingers and toes, and infertility in most males.
• CF is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It is caused by the presence of mutations in both copies of the gene for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Those with a single working copy are carriers and otherwise mostly normal.

Answer Explanation:

• The correct answer is Lung fibrosis. This is because lung fibrosis is not a common sequela of decompensated liver cirrhosis. While it can occur in patients with liver disease, it is not directly caused by the cirrhosis itself.
• Renal failure, encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are all potential complications of decompensated liver cirrhosis. These conditions can occur as a result of the liver’s inability to perform its normal functions.

Overview of Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis:

Definition:

• Decompensated liver cirrhosis is a severe stage of cirrhosis where the liver can no longer perform its normal functions. This can lead to a variety of serious complications.

Causes:

• Common causes of decompensated liver cirrhosis include chronic alcohol abuse, hepatitis B and C, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Sequelae:

• Renal failure: Cirrhosis can cause changes in the kidneys that lead to renal failure, a condition known as hepatorenal syndrome.
• Encephalopathy: Hepatic encephalopathy is a decline in brain function that occurs as a result of severe liver disease. It’s caused by toxins building up in the bloodstream, which are normally removed by the liver.
• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: This is an infection of the fluid in the abdominal cavity (peritoneal fluid), which can occur in people with severe cirrhosis.
• Hepatocellular carcinoma: This is a type of liver cancer that can occur in people with cirrhosis.

Answer Explanation:

• The correct answer is α1-antitrypsin deficiency. This is a genetic disorder that can lead to liver disease and lung disease. α1-antitrypsin is a protein that protects the lungs. The liver usually releases this protein into the bloodstream. In people with α1-antitrypsin deficiency, the liver does not release this protein properly, leading to lung damage. Some of the α1-antitrypsin proteins can also get stuck in the liver, which can cause liver damage and cirrhosis.
• Gallstone ileus, Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, pancreatic pseudocyst, and gentamicin treatment are not recognized causes of liver cirrhosis.

Overview of α1-antitrypsin deficiency:

• Definition: α1-antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder that impairs the function of α1-antitrypsin, a protein that protects the lungs from damage. This can lead to lung and liver diseases.
• Cause: It is caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene. This gene provides instructions for producing the α1-antitrypsin protein.
• Symptoms: Symptoms can vary widely among individuals. Some people may have lung symptoms, liver symptoms, or both. Lung-related symptoms can include shortness of breath, reduced ability to exercise, and wheezing. Liver-related symptoms can include jaundice, swelling in the abdomen or legs, and cirrhosis.
• Treatment: Treatment is focused on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This can include medications, pulmonary rehabilitation, and, in severe cases, lung or liver transplantation.