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Raza Q π¬π§
"It has absolutely everything for medical school, so many histories with detailed differential diagnoses, how to approach emergencies, commonly prescribed drugs..every kind go examination youβll ever need in osces"
John R π¬π§
"Thank you SO MUCH for the amazing educational resource. Iβve tried lots of platforms and books with mock OSCE stations and yours is by far and away the best Iβve tried"
Ed M π³πΏ
"Get this right away. So helpful for OSCEs but also general clinical learning and understanding. Wish I had brought it sooner"
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"Without a doubt, your platform outshines all other OSCE resources currently available. In all honesty, I can confidently attribute my success in securing a distinction in my finals to OSCEstop."
Harish K π¬π§
"OSCEstop distinguishes itself from many other platform banks by offering a wealth of questions that mimic the demanding and complex aspects of our finals. This platform played a crucial role in ensuring I was ready for the level of difficulty that awaited me in my final exams."
Rhythm Control:Amiodarone, flecainide, or sotalol. Electrical cardioversion may be used if drugs are ineffective.
Stroke Prevention:Anticoagulation using warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) like rivaroxaban or apixaban based on CHA2DS2-VASc score.
Ablation Therapy: Catheter ablation can target areas of the atria responsible for triggering or perpetuating AF.
Prognosis
Prognosis is dependent on the underlying cause of AF.
Associated with high risk of thromboembolism, therefore early detection and effective management are paramount.
Complications
Stroke (from thromboembolism)
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy
Heart failure
Acute AF can cause haemodynamic instability
Key Points
AF is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia.
Important ECG findings include absent P-waves and irregular QRS complexes.
Anticoagulation is pivotal in reducing the risk of AF-related stroke.
Management can be rate or rhythm control, tailored to the patient’s symptoms and clinical condition.
References
Gutierrez, C. and Blanchard, D.G. (2016). Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. American Family Physician, [online] 94(6), pp.442β452. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27637120/.
Hindricks, G., Potpara, T., Dagres, N., Arbelo, E., Bax, J. J., BlomstrΓΆm-Lundqvist, C., Boriani, G., Castella, M., Dan, G.-A., Dilaveris, P. E., Fauchier, L., Filippatos, G., Kalman, J. M., La Meir, M., Lane, D. A., Lebeau, J.-P., Lettino, M., Lip, G. Y. H., Pinto, F. J., Thomas, G. N., Valgimigli, M., Van Gelder, I. C., Van Putte, B. P. and Watkins, C. L. (2021) ‘Corrigendum to: 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC’, European heart journal, 42(40), pp. 4194-4194.