Paediatric abdominal examination

Do a full adult abdominal examination with the following additional components.

General

• Dysmorphic features
• Colour (pallor, mottling) 
• Alertness and interest in surroundings
• Nutritional status

Hydration status

1. Capillary refill
2. Heart rate
3. Mucous membranes
4. Skin turgor
5. Wet nappies (depending on age)

Points

• Look for Grey-Turner’s and Cullen’s signs
• Liver can be up to 2cm below costal margin in children
• Faecal loading may be felt in umbilical region and LIF

To complete

• Observations
• Growth charts

Learn presentations of neonatal gastrointestinal diseases

Midgut malrotation

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Duodenal atresia

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Galactosaemia

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Pyloric stenosis

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Hirschsprung’s disease

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Necrotising enterocolitis

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Tracheoesophageal fistula

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