Table of Contents
Chronic liver disease
- Clubbing
- Leukonychia
- Palmar erythema
- Dupuytren’s contracture
- Jaundice
- Spider naevi
- Gynaecomastia
- Loss of axillary hair
- Distended abdominal wall veins/‘caput medusae’ (portal hypertension)
- Hepatomegaly (but liver is often small in cirrhosis)
- Splenomegaly (portal hypertension)
- Ascites
Transplanted kidney
- Old AV fistula
- Rutherford-Morrison scar (usually RIF)
- Smooth mass underlying scar (transplanted kidney)
Hepatosplenomegaly
- Hepatomegaly/splenomegaly/both
Polycystic kidneys
- AV fistula (if undergone dialysis)
- Hypertension
- Pale conjunctiva (anaemia)
- Flank scar (if either kidney has been removed)
- Bilateral ballotable flank masses
- Hepatomegaly (hepatic cysts)
Liver transplant
- Signs of chronic liver disease (but most resolve)
- Mercedes Benz modification scar
Combined kidney-pancreas transplant
- LIF scar (renal graft)
- RIF scar (pancreas graft)
- Smooth mass underlying LIF scar (transplanted kidney)
Polycythaemia rubra vera
- Dusky cyanosis
- Hypertension
- Facial plethora
- Splenomegaly
Hereditary spherocytosis
- Pale conjunctiva
- Mild jaundice
- Splenomegaly
Primary biliary cholangitis
- Middle-aged female
- Jaundice
- Skin hyperpigmentation
- Excoriations
- Xanthelasma
- Hepatomegaly
Try some questions!
Please list some extra-renal signs of polycystic kidney disease
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Which conditions can cause secondary polycythaemia?
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A middle-aged female presents to you with jaundice and hepatomegaly, which conditions would you include in your differential diagnosis?
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What are the main ways to prevent graft rejection after renal transplantation?
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