Essential Tremor (ET) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, rhythmic shaking (tremor), most commonly affecting the hands, head, voice, and legs.
Epidemiology:
One of the most common movement disorders.
Can occur at any age but is more prevalent in people aged 40 and older.
Etiology:
The exact cause is unknown.
Genetic factors: A familial pattern is seen in about half of the cases, suggesting a genetic component.
Clinical Features:
Tremor that worsens with movement or when maintaining a posture.
Typically a bilateral and symmetric action tremor of the hands and forearms.
Head and voice tremors are also common.
Does not usually cause other health problems, but can interfere with daily activities.
Diagnosis:
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical examination.
No specific diagnostic tests, but tests may be conducted to rule out other causes of tremor.
Family history is important in assessing the likelihood of ET.
Management:
No cure; treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms.
First-line pharmacotherapy includes propranolol (a beta-blocker) and primidone (an anticonvulsant).
Other medications may include gabapentin and topiramate.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery may be considered in severe cases.
Differential Diagnosis:
Distinguishing ET from other types of tremor, like Parkinson’s disease tremor, is crucial.
Parkinson’s disease tremor is typically a resting tremor, in contrast to the action tremor of ET.
Prognosis:
A progressive disorder, but the rate of progression can vary.
Does not affect life expectancy but can worsen quality of life.
